Miscellaneous Garden

【Weather June 26】
Shanghai: rainy 24～30℃
【Highlights】
>Iraq to build high-speed rail
法将在伊拉克修建高铁
>Americans prefer boys
调查:美国人也重男轻女
>New York allows gay marriage
纽约州:同性婚姻将合法
>Zhou Xun’s ex detained
周迅前男友王烁被刑拘?
>Woman dies at her own funeral
‘被过世’妇女葬礼中死亡
【Cover Story】
>Prolonged
drought hits Gansu
‘甘’旱致200万人饮水难
A prolonged drought in Gansu has disrupted drinking water supplies to more than 2m people, Xinhua reported. In addition, the drought has disrupted water supplies to more than 1m heads of livestock and about 1.3m hectares of farmland, according to a statement from Gansu’s civil affairs department. Rainfall in most parts of Gansu had dropped 50-80% from previous years since the drought began in March, the statement said.
据新华社报道，甘肃省民政厅发布公告称，甘肃省持续大旱造成超过200万人饮水困难。此外，100万头牲畜存在程度不同的饮水困难，农作物受旱面积达130万公顷。公告称，自今年3月以来，甘肃大部分地区的降水量较往年同期相比减少了50-80%。

【Top News】
>Iraq to build high-speed rail
法将在伊拉克修建高铁
French engineering giant Alstom has signed a preliminary deal to build a high-speed rail line linking Basra and Baghdad in Iraq, BBC reported. According to a spokesman, Alstom signed a “memorandum of understanding” with Iraqi officials as a first step in the project. The company will hold exclusive talks with Iraqi officials for 12 months to try to strike a final agreement. Basra is approximately 450km southeast of Baghdad, and the proposed line would involve a 650km network, Alstom says. The line would handle speeds of up to 250km/h.
据英国广播公司报道，法国工程业巨头阿尔斯通近日和伊拉克政府达成初步协议，将在伊拉克修建一条连接巴格达和巴士拉的高速铁路。据发言人透露，作为整个项目的第一步，阿尔斯通之前已和伊拉克官员签订了”谅解备忘录”， 之后双方还将进行长达12个月的独家谈判，以敲定最后协议。巴士拉位于巴格达东南部约450公里处，但伊拉克高铁项目涉及建设总长650公里的铁路网。建成后，这条高铁时速将达250公里每小时。
>Americans prefer boys
调查:美国人也重男轻女
If Americans could have only one child, they would prefer that it be a boy rather than a girl, by a 40% to 28% margin, with the rest having no preference or opinion on the matter, a Gallup survey found. The attitudes of American men drive the overall preference for a boy. Men favor a boy over a girl by a 49% to 22% margin. Women show essentially no preference either way: 31% say they would prefer a boy and 33% would prefer a girl.
盖洛普最新发布的一项民调显示，重男轻女现象在美国也存在。如果只能要一个孩子的话，40%的美国人表示更想要男孩，28%的人选择女孩，剩下的人表示无所谓或者不表态。民调还发现，美国男人比女人重男轻女。男人中49%更想要男孩，22%更想要女孩；受访女人中，31%更想要男孩，33%更想要女孩。

【In Brief】
>Eight people were killed and 7 injured after an iron ore mine collapsed about 1:30 pm Friday in Peifeng township, Yongding county, Fujian province, Xinhua reported.
据新华社报道，24日13时30分左右，福建省永定县培丰镇一铁矿发生塌陷，已造成8人死亡，7人受伤。
>New York became the 6th and largest state in the US to legalize same-sex marriage as the State Senate voted “aye” on gay marriage Friday night, foreign media reported.
据外媒报道，当地时间24日晚，美国纽约州参议院通过同性婚姻法案，这使得纽约州成为全美第六个、也是最大的允许同性恋合法结婚的州。
>At least 2 people were killed and dozens injured Friday when a tractor-trailer
rig
collided with a train in Nevada, Reuters reported.
据路透社报道，美国内华达州24日发生一起火车与大货车相撞的恶性事故，造成至少2人丧生，数十人受伤。

【Newsmaker】
>Zhou Xun’s ex detained
周迅前男友王烁被刑拘?
Wang Shuo, the son of a millionaire and actress Zhou Xun’s ex-boyfriend, was detained for illegal possession of firearms and drugs, Guangzhou Daily reported. As Wang once had a relationship with Zhou Xun, and his stepmother is actress Wang Yan, the news attracted attention in entertainment circles.
据《广州日报》报道，周迅前男友、”富二代”王烁被传出因持有枪械和藏毒被刑拘。由于王烁的继母是演员王艳，前女友是周迅，这件事引起了不少娱乐圈人士的关注。
【Kaleidoscope】
>Porsche used as target
保时捷当靶子惨遭’射杀’
A $100,000 Porsche 911 was donated to an American gun club by a wealthy motorist who was fed up with the vehicle’s constant engine problems, the Daily Mail of London reported. The silver Porsche 911 had a number of problems and was going to cost the owner more than $16,130 to put right. So instead of fixing the car, he gave it to the gun club. Shooters placed the Porsche in a makeshift “no parking” spot before opening fire. More than 10,000 rounds were fired by 140 members using machine guns and automatic weapons, leaving the Porsche a bullet-riddled shadow of its former self.(See photo)
据英国《每日邮报》报道，近日，由于发动机总出问题，一辆价值10万美元的保时捷911超跑，被富有的车主免费送给射击俱乐部当作靶子练习枪法。这辆银色保时捷问题不止一处，需要花费16130美元才能解决。因此，车主没有送修，而是把它送给了射击俱乐部。保时捷被停放在一处临时禁停点上，供会员们用手持机枪等自动武器射击。历经140名枪手上万轮射击过后，曾经风光无限的保时捷就只剩下了千疮百孔的残躯。(见图)

>Woman dies at her own funeral
‘被过世’妇女葬礼中死亡
A Russian woman died from a heart attack caused by shock after waking up to discover she had been declared dead and was being prepared for burial, the Daily Mail of London reported. Fagilyu Mukhametzyanov, 49, had been wrongly declared deceased by doctors after she collapsed at home from chest pains. She died for real after hearing mourners saying prayers for her soul to be taken up to heaven.
据英国《每日邮报》报道，近日，俄罗斯一名”过世”女子在葬礼时突然醒了过来，发现自己”被死亡”，终因惊吓过度，心脏病发”彻底”死亡。这名女子名叫法吉尔义·穆罕默德贾诺夫，现年49岁，因胸痛在家中跌倒后被送往医院，随即被医生宣布死亡。她在葬礼上醒来，听到为她祈祷升天的声音，惊恐之下气绝身亡。
【Language Tips】
‘Drop a bombshell’
———-
这个习惯用语出现在1914年到1918年的第一次世界大战期间。当时参战方史无前例地大规模使用飞机来轰炸地面，很多人亲眼目睹了飞机扔炸弹的惊天动地场面。地面上的人往往对飞机得轰炸猝不及防，直到飞机上扔下的炸弹在身旁炸开，才明白原来自己是飞机攻击的目标，所以飞机扔炸弹轰炸指的是”出人意料、令人震惊的沉重打击”。
请看例句：
The president dropped a bombshell on voters. He announced that he’d made up his mind he would not be a candidate in the fall election.
总统抛出一个爆炸性新闻：宣布自己将不再作为候选人参加秋季大选。

【China Daily Radio】
周末简版
2011年6月23日是第一个国际寡妇日。联合国举行寡妇日纪念活动，旨在提供一个机会，使人们特别认识到寡妇及其子女的困境，并通过赋予寡妇权利来确保她们的人权和减轻贫困。我们来看看联合国秘书长潘基文在致辞中是怎么说的吧。
This first International Widows’ Day is an occasion to call attention to the many “firsts” that women must face when their husbands die. In addition to coping with grief, they may find themselves for the first time since marriage without any social safety net. Far too often, widows lack access to inheritance, land tenure, employment and even the means to survive.
今年是第一次开展国际寡妇日活动，在这个日子里，我们呼吁人们关注妇女在丈夫死亡后必须”第一次”面对的许多问题。妇女不仅陷入悲痛，而且还可能在结婚后第一次发现她们没有任何社会安全网。寡妇往往不能继承财产，没有土地保有权，不能就业，甚至没有生存的手段。
上文中提到了一些妇女在丈夫死亡后会面临的问题，比如：grief(悲痛)、without any social safety net(没有社会安全网)、lack access to inheritance, land tenure(无法继承财产、没有土地保有权)等等。她们可能会面临的其他问题有：poverty(贫困)、bear the heavy burden of caring for their children(承担抚养孩子的重任)、universally recognized rights denied(普遍公认的权利被剥夺)等等。
Widow这个词可以用做动词和名词两种形式，名词形式的用法就是我们这里用到的International Widows’ Day或者She is a widow。而如果是妻子去世留下丈夫一个人，他就是widower(鳏夫)。Widow用做动词的时候表示”使(某人)成为寡妇(或鳏夫)”，例如：Martha was widowed 3 years ago when her husband was killed in a car accident. (玛莎的丈夫三年前出车祸去世，留下她一人守寡。)

【Bonus Oriens】
Remember happiness doesn’t depend on who you are or what you have; it depends solely upon what you think. (Dale Carnegie, American author and lecturer, 1888-1955)
请记住，幸福与否并不在于你是谁，或者你拥有什么；它完全取决于你的态度。(戴尔·卡耐基，美国作家、演讲家，1888-1955)

【Markets】
Dow Jones
11,934.58 -115.42 -0.96%
Nasdaq
2,652.89 -33.86 -1.26%

【Highlights】
>After Haima, Meari is coming
‘海马‘未走‘米雷‘接踵而至
>Fastest growing millionaires
香港‘领跑‘亚洲富翁增长
>Oil reserves tapped, but why?
美媒:政治左右经济决定
>Cooking oil for fuel
荷兰航空‘地沟油‘作燃料
>Man resists bathing for son
为求子奇人37年不洗澡
>What’s Meatspace?
点睛:何为‘肉食世界‘?

【Cover Story】
>Buy the new train ticket
京沪高铁车票‘淡定‘开售
High-speed train tickets for trips between Beijing and Shanghai went on sale to the public at 9:00 am Friday. Passengers can buy tickets at stations, via ticketing agencies or by logging on to 12306.cn, an official passenger service center, Xinhua reported. However, the much-anticipated sales didn’t cause the rush that was expected. Passengers were not lining up prior to the sale at a ticketing agency near Jing’an Temple in Shanghai, according to China News Service.
据新华社报道，从24日9时起，铁路部门开始对外发售京沪高铁车票。旅客可通过中国铁路客户服务中心网站、车站售票厅、车票代售点等多种途径购买京沪高铁车票。另据中新社报道，当日早晨，上海静安寺火车票销售点并没有出现排队长龙。

【Top News】
>After Haima, Meari is coming
‘海马‘未走‘米雷‘接踵而至
With tropical storm Haima still hovering, another one is set to come. Meari, the 5th tropical storm this year, spiraled into the southeastern part of the East China Sea Saturday morning, Xinhua reported. Meari is moving northwest at 30 km per hour, according to Zhejiang meteorological authorities. It is expected to land coastal areas of Zhejiang Saturday afternoon, bringing heavy rain and downpours. China ordered Shanghai, along with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Shandong provinces, to monitor Tropical Storm Meari and to issue timely warnings to the public.
热带风暴“海马“尚未走远，“米雷“又要来了。据新华社报道，浙江省气象部门表示，今年第五号热带风暴“米雷“25日清晨期间进入东海东南部海域，正以每小时30公里左右的速度向北偏西方向移动，可能于25日下午登陆浙江沿海，带来强降雨。国家有关部门已要求上海、江苏、浙江、福建以及山东5省(市)密切关注“米雷“的路径，及时提醒公众作出防范。
['海马'所到之处]
Heavy downpours brought by tropical storm Haima, which landed on the coast of Guangdong province Thursday morning, have affected some 5,100 people. The weather forced the evacuation
of 800 people, Xinhua reported.
据新华社报道，“海马“自23日晨间在广东登陆以来，所带来的强降雨天气已经使约5100人受灾，其中800人被迫转移。

>Fastest growing millionaires
香港‘领跑‘亚洲富翁增长
Asia’s growing number of millionaires is rising through the global ranks. Hong Kong’s newly wealthy are leading the way with an increase of 33%, the Wall Street Journal reported. In 2010, the Asia-Pacific region was home to 3.3m people worth $1m or more, according to the World Wealth Report 2011, released Thursday by Merrill Lynch Global Wealth Management and Capgemini. Six of the 10 economies with the fastest growing millionaire populations were in Asia.
据《华尔街日报》报道，亚洲日益壮大的百万富翁群体在全球的排行正在上升，其中尤以香港的新富为最。美林全球财富管理与凯捷23日公布的《2011年世界财富报告》显示，2010年，亚太地区身价百万美元以上的富翁人数为330万。百万富翁人数增长最快的10个经济体中，有6个位于亚洲，中国香港“领跑“，年增长率均为33%。
[亚洲富翁热衷于楼市]
Given the booming real estate market, rich people in Asia (excluding Japan) are investing more in property. The global average among high net-worth individuals in 2010 were 19% weighted in property, whereas Asians outside of Japan had 31% invested in the sector.
鉴于迅速增长的楼市，亚洲(不包括日本)的富豪将更多的财富投资于房地产。2010年，全球富翁平均有19%的财富投在房地产，而亚洲(不包括日本)则有31%投资在了房地产。
[亚洲富翁不爱艺术]
According to the report, Asia’s wealthy buy more jewelry, gems and watches than the global average; 25% of their overall “investments of passion” are spent on these items compared with the a global average of 22%. However, they spend less on art. Asian millionaires spent 16% of their discretionary spending on art, which is below the 22% global average.
报告称，亚洲富翁有25%的“投资热情“都花在购买珠宝、宝石、手表这些物品上。这一比例高于全球平均水平的22%。不过，他们在艺术上的花费则较少：亚洲百万富翁只将16%的自由支出投在艺术上，低于全球平均的22%。

>Oil reserves tapped, but why?
美媒:政治左右经济决定
Some say White House’s decision to release 30m barrels of oil from the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is pure politics, the Christian Science Monitor reported. But the Obama administration says it’s trying to offset a drop in Libyan light, sweet crude(轻质低硫原油) at the height of the summer driving season. “Every move is political when the economy is in trouble,” said Phil Flynn, director of research at PFG Best, a commodities
brokerage house in Chicago. Each time the national reserve has been opened, the price of oil has dropped between 9% and 33%, said Senator Jay Rockefeller. This move marks the 3rd time oil has been released from the SPR. The other times were during the Persian Gulf War and after Hurricane Katrina disrupted the supply in 2005.
美国《基督教科学箴言报》报道，有人认为，美国政府决定从战略石油储备库存中释放3000万桶石油一事纯粹是出于政治动机。虽然白宫方面声称，夏季驾驶高峰季节来临，政府此举是为了缓解利比亚轻质原油产量下降对于用油方面的影响。芝加哥大宗商品经纪公司PFG Best研究主管菲力·弗林表示:”当经济陷入麻烦时政府的所有举动都是政治性的。“美国参议员杰·洛克菲勒称，每当美国动用战略石油储备时，油价都会下跌9%至33%。这是美国第三次释放战略石油储备，第一次是在海湾战争期间，第二次是2005年卡特里娜飓风导致石油供应中断之后。
>Cooking oil for fuel
荷兰航空‘地沟油‘作燃料
The Dutch airline KLM plans to use recycled cooking oil as biofuel to power flights to and from France to cut carbon emissions, the Washington Post reported. Starting in September, KLM will begin more than 200 flights between Paris and Amsterdam using biofuel made from used cooking oil, the company said. KLM managing director Camiel Eurlings said in a statement that the airline does not have to make any changes to its aircraft engines to use the new biofuel. The biofuel flights are intended to help reduce KLM’s carbon emissions while having a “minimum negative impact on biodiversity and food supply”.
据《华盛顿邮报》报道，荷兰航空公司计划使用回收利用的“地沟油“作为生物燃料，为荷兰至法国的往返航班提供动力，以减少碳排放。荷航称，自九月起，将启用200多架使用“地沟油“提炼生物燃料的客机，往返于阿姆斯特丹和巴黎两地。荷航总经理卡米尔·厄尔林斯在声明中称，使用这种新型生物燃料时，不需要改造飞机发动机。使用生物燃料的航班可以减少荷航的碳排放，同时“对生物多样性和粮食供应所产生的负面影响也是最小的。”

【In Brief】
>China’s Ministry of Finance said Friday that the country will slash
tariffs on 33 commodities, including gasoline, diesel, aircraft fuel and fuel oil. The tariff reductions will start in July.
财政部24日宣布，自2011年7月1日起，我国将大幅下调汽油、柴油、航空煤油和燃料油等33种商品的进口关税。
>Rain-triggered floods have left 26 people dead and 10 others missing in China’s southwestern regions since Monday, Xinhua reported Friday.
据新华社24日报道，20日以来西南地区强降雨导致的洪灾已造成26人死亡，10人失踪。

【Newsmaker】
>Man resists bathing for son
为求子奇人37年不洗澡
Kailash Singh，a 65-year-old farm worker in India, refused to wash for more than 37 years, according to the Daily Mail of London. Mr Singh spends his days in 47℃ heat on the farm, yet the only “cleansing” he does allow himself is a “fire bath”, which involves smoking marijuana and praying to Lord around a bonfire. Mr Singh claimed a priest guaranteed him a much-prized son and heir if he followed the advice. His families tried to stop him but in vain. But his religious guidance clearly failed – he has 7 daughters.(See photo)
英国《每日邮报》报道，印度一名65岁农场工人凯拉什·辛格为了求子竟然37年拒绝洗澡。该男子每日要冒着47度的高温在农场劳作，而他“清洁身体“的唯一方式竟然是“火浴“，即围着篝火一边抽大麻，一边向神祈祷。该男子声称他是听从了一位牧师的建议，认为不洗澡就能得到神的赐福，获得子嗣。家人多次劝阻未果。然而，他所追寻的神的旨意显然并未显灵，目前他已经是7个女儿的父亲了。

【Language Tips】
‘Meatspace’
———-
在网络世界(cyberspace)里，我们可以是盖世英雄，也可以是绝世美女；或许富甲一方，甚至身披黄袍也不是没有可能。这样美轮美奂的虚拟世界(virtual world)怎能不让我们沉迷呢?也许是这个虚拟空间太过美好了吧，沉迷其中的人们给相对残酷的现实世界创造了一个看着也有点残酷的名称——meatspace。Meatspace指的是与“网络世界“或“虚拟现实“相对的“现实生活“或“物理世界“，也就是我们所说的“有血有肉的真实世界“。该词最早出现于科幻类文章中，并于2000年被收入《牛津英语字典》。
请看例句：
For many a true computer geek, moving through meatspace is a daunting prospect.
对很多真正的电脑迷来说，在现实世界活动是个挺可怕的想法。

【Talk Show】
明天我有事情要做。
误：I have something to do tomorrow.
正：I am tied up all day tomorrow.
注：用I have something to do来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙，脱不开身：I’m tied up.还有其他的说法：I can’t make it at that time./I’d love to, but I can’t. I have to stay at home.

【Weekly Topic】
China’s Twitter-like micro blog has created a platform for Chinese to begin exposing their private issues. A series of scandals are arising from the social networking service. A billionaire announced his plan to leave his wife and elope with his mistress; a government official chatted with his mistress when and how they will meet in a hotel room; and a charity worker flaunted her luxurious life. Has the micro blog changed the way you are living or your attitude toward privacy? Share your thoughts with us.
富豪“微博喊私奔“、官员“微博约开房“、慈善人士“微博晒富贵“，微博开启了国人“自曝隐私“的时代。微博，有没有改变您的生活方式或转变您的隐私观？

VOICE ONE:

I’m Mary Tillotson.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Today, we tell about advice writer Ann Landers.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

Many newspapers in the United States have writers who give advice. Some are experts about issues like gardening, food, health or money. People will write to the expert about a problem and he or she will try to solve it.

There also are advice writers who deal with the more personal issues in life. They answer questions about all kinds of things—love, children, mental health problems, morals. This was the kind of advice column¹ that Esther Lederer wrote. She wrote it under the name of Ann Landers.

VOICE TWO:

Mizz Lederer did not study to become a newspaper writer. In fact, she did not finish her university studies at Morningside College, in Sioux City, Iowa².

She was born in Sioux City on July fourth, nineteen-eighteen. Her parents named her Esther Pauline Friedman. Esther’s younger sister was born a few minutes later. She was given the same two first names in opposite order–Pauline Esther. The twins, Eppie and Popo as they were called, had two older sisters.

Their father, Abraham Friedman had come to the United States from Russia. He sold chickens when he first arrived. Soon, he became a successful businessman who owned movie theaters in several states.

Eppie said she owed a lot to her parents and her childhood in the Middle West. She says both provided her with morals and values that helped her a lot in life.

VOICE ONE:

Eppie Friedman was in college when she met Jules Lederer. She left school to marry him in nineteen-thirty-nine. Mister Lederer was a businessman. He helped establish a car service called Budget Rent-A-Car. It became very successful. Mister and Missus Lederer had their first and only child, Margo, in Nineteen-Forty.

For years Eppie Lederer was happy to stay home and raise her child while her husband’s business grew. They lived in Wisconsin at first. Missus Lederer became politically³ active in the Democratic Party there.

In nineteen-fifty-five, the Lederers moved to Chicago, Illinois. That same year, the Chicago Sun-Times newspaper held a competition⁴ among its employees. The paper wanted to find a replacement for its advice columnist who wrote under the name Ann Landers. Eppie Lederer heard about the competition from a friend at the paper and decided to enter. She was one of thirty people who sought the job.

The competition was simple. Competitors were given several letters from people requesting help on different issues. The person who wrote the answers the newspaper officials liked best would win the job.

VOICE TWO:

Missus Lederer used the help of powerful friends to decide the best advice. For example, one letter writer asked about a tree that dropped nuts on her property⁵. The tree grew on land owned by someone else. The letter writer wanted to know what she could do with the nuts.

Eppie Lederer decided that this was really a legal question so she sought help from a friend who knew about the law. That friend just happened to be a judge on the United States Supreme Court!

Another letter was about a Roman Catholic Church issue. So Eppie Lederer talked to the president of a famous Catholic university, Notre Dame.

The Chicago Sun Times reportedly called Missus Lederer a few days after the competition ended. When she answered the telephone a newspaper official said “Good Morning, Ann Landers.”

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE ONE:

The new Ann Landers discovered the job was not easy. She reportedly⁶ was deeply affected by many of the sad letters she received from troubled people. Missus Lederer later said that one Sun-Times editor helped her harden herself to those stories. He said she must separate herself from her readers and their problems. She said she would not have been successful in her work if it were not for that advice.

Ann Landers’ popularity grew quickly. She immediately established⁷ herself as different from advice writers of the past. She became known for her easy writing style and her often funny answers. She related to her readers as if they were old friends. She seemed to say exactly what she thought, even when doing so might hurt the feelings of those seeking help. Most people considered Ann Landers’ advice to be good, common sense.

For example, early in her work a young person wrote to ask Ann Landers opinion of sexual activity among teenagers⁸. She explained her objection to such activity by saying, “a lemon⁹ squeezed too many times is considered garbage¹⁰.”

VOICE TWO:

As Ann Landers gained fame so did many of her words. People began to repeat some her short, pointed sentences. One of the most famous of these was when she told readers to “wake up and smell the coffee.” She would use this comment when advice seekers seemed to be denying situations that made them unhappy or uncomfortable.

Another well-known Ann Landers saying was “forty lashes with a wet noodle.” She would say this if she believed someone had done something mean, dishonest or just stupid. Ann Landers did not protect herself from such criticism¹¹, however. She often published letters from readers who argued against advice she had given. When she agreed with their criticism, she sometimes ordered the forty lashes for herself!

Ann Landers took a lot of risks in her column. She spoke out about many issues that some people considered offensive¹² or socially unacceptable. She discussed homosexuality¹³, alcoholism, drug dependency and mistreatment¹⁴ of children by parents to list a few.

VOICE ONE:

Ann Landers also spoke out on political issues. She expressed her strong opposition to American involvement in the conflict in Vietnam. She was a major supporter of gun control and the right of a woman to choose to end a pregnancy. She also supported using animals in medical research.

These opinions made her an enemy of several groups, including the National Rifle Association, abortion opponents, and animal protection organizations. But, their pressure did not appear to worry Ann Landers. In fact, she once said she felt proud that these groups hated her.

Her political activism was sometimes powerful. She expressed her support of legislation for cancer research in her column in nineteen-seventy-one. President Richard Nixon received hundreds of thousands of copies of the column from Ann Landers readers. He soon signed the one-hundred-million dollar National Cancer Act.

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE TWO:

In nineteen-seventy-five, Eppie Lederer’s life changed. Her husband, Jules, told her he was involved with another woman. That relationship had been going on for several years. Mister and Missus Lederer separated.

This experience affected Ann Landers’ advice about seriously troubled marriages¹⁵. She had always advised couples to stay together to avoid hurting their children. After her separation from her husband she wrote a column about her decision to end her marriage. She received tens of thousands of letters from her readers offering their support and sympathy¹⁶.

Ann Landers continued to suggest that a husband and wife in a troubled marriage seek counseling. But she was now more willing to consider that a marriage might be beyond repair.

VOICE ONE:

Eppie Lederer’s sister Popo also became an advice columnist. Her column was called Dear Abby. Like Ann Landers, Dear Abby was published in thousands of newspapers. Some reports say the competition between the two advice columns led to a dispute between the twin sisters. They reportedly did not speak for five years.

Eppie Lederer’s daughter Margo Howard is an advice columnist as well. But, neither her daughter or her sister won the kind of fame and following that Ann Landers did. Her column appeared in The Chicago Tribune and about one-thousand-two-hundred other newspapers around the world. Her advice reached tens of millions of people every day. That was her goal. She said having many readers was more important to her than winning a famous prize.

VOICE TWO:

In January two-thousand-two, doctors discovered that Eppie Lederer had multiple myeloma¹⁷. It is a very serious form of cancer of the bone marrow¹⁸. Her death came just six months later, on June twenty-second. She was eighty-three.

Eppie Lederer owned the rights to the Ann Landers name and did not want it to be used after she died. So millions of people around the world have received the last words of advice from Ann Landers.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

This VOA Special English program was written and produced by Caty Weaver. I’m Mary Tillotson.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another People in America program on the Voice of America.

1. column [5kRlEm]n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队

2. Iowa [5aiEwE]n.爱荷华州(美国中西部的一州)

3. politically adv.政治上, 贤明地

4. competition [kCmpi5tiFEn]n.竞争, 竞赛

5. property [5prCpEti]n.财产, 所有物, 所有权, 性质, 特性, (小)道具

6. reportedly [rI5pC:tIdlI]adv.据传说, 据传闻

7. established [is5tAbliFt]adj.已制定的, 确定的

8. teenager [5ti:n7eidVE]n.十几岁的青少年

9. lemon [5lemEn]n.柠檬adj.柠檬色的

10. garbage [5^B:bidV]n.垃圾, 废物

11. criticism [5kritisiz(E)m]n.批评, 批判

12. offensive [E5fensiv]adj.讨厌的, 无礼的, 攻击性的n.进攻, 攻势

13. homosexuality [-5Aliti]n.同性恋

14. mistreatment n.虐待

15. marriage [5mAridV]n.结婚, 婚姻, 婚姻生活, 密切结合, 合并

16. sympathy [5simpEWi]n.同情, 同情心

17. myeloma [7maiE5lEumE]n.[医]骨髓瘤

18. marrow [5mArEu]n.髓, 骨髓, 精华, 活力, <苏格兰>配偶

HOST:

Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC — VOA’s radio magazine in Special English.

(THEME)

This is Doug Johnson. On our program today:

We play songs by Norah Jones …

Answer a listener’s question about the Library of Congress …

And report about the one-hundredth anniversary¹ of an importan
t invention.

Air Conditioning Anniversary

HOST:

The weather this summer has been extremely hot in many areas of the United States. This has led most Americans to use air conditioning equipment to cool the air inside their homes and businesses. They are happy to observe the one-hundredth anniversary of the invention of air conditioning. Shep O’Neal has more.

ANNCR:

The birth date of the air conditioner² is July seventeenth, nineteen-oh-two. That was when the first air conditioning system was placed in a printing factory in Brooklyn³, New York. Its purpose was to help reduce the amount of heat and wetness⁴ in the air that was damaging the ink and paper used in printing.

Willis Carrier with first chiller.
(Photo – Carrier)
A young engineer named Willis Carrier invented that first air conditioner. He and six friends started their own air conditioning company in Syracuse⁵, New York. Today, the Carrier company earns about nine-thousand-million dollars a year. It does business in more than one-hundred-seventy countries.

The Carrier system was the first that cooled, cleaned and dried the air. The company put air conditioning equipment into a movie theater in New York City in nineteen-twenty-five. It also air-conditioned the United States Capitol⁶ Building in Washington, D.C. in nineteen-twenty-eight. The White House got air conditioning in nineteen-thirty.

But air conditioning did not become popular in American homes until after World War Two. Today, eighty percent of Americans have some kind of air conditioning in their homes. Ninety-six percent of all the houses in the American South are air-conditioned.

Experts say air conditioning has changed more than the air temperature. It has changed the way people live and work. Their activities are not linked to the weather. People can cook hot foods in the summer months, attend a movie or go shopping during hot weather. Air conditioning has improved the production of food products, medical supplies and drugs. It has made possible the growth of southern cities.

Officials of the Carrier company say air conditioning technology continues to improve. They say future air conditioning systems will be able to change the temperature based on the number of people in the room or even the kind of clothes a person is wearing.

Library of Congress

HOST:

Our VOA listener question this week comes from Laos. Khachonesack Douangphoutha asks about the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

Jefferson Building, one of three buildings in the library.
(Photos – Library of Congress)
The Library of Congress is America’s national library. It has more than one-hundred-twenty-million books and other objects. It has newspapers, popular publications and letters of historical interest. It also has maps, photographs, art prints, movies, sound recordings and musical instruments⁷.

The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for government holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is permitted to take books out of the building.

Dome of the Main Reading Room, Jefferson Building.
The Library of Congress was established⁸ in eighteen-hundred. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol Building. By eighteen-fourteen, the collection had increased to about three-thousand books. They were destroyed that year when the Capitol was burned during America’s war with Britain.

To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson. Mister Jefferson’s collection included seven-thousand books in seven languages.

In eighteen-ninety-seven, the Library moved to its own building across the street from the Capitol. Today, three buildings hold the library’s collection.

The Library of Congress provides books and materials to the United States Congress. It also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies⁹ and foreign libraries. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication must send two copies to the library. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything published in the United States.

Computer users can learn more about the Library of Congress and its collection on the Internet. The address is w-w-w dot l-o-c dot g-o-v. Again, the Library of Congress web address is w-w-w dot l-o-c dot g-o-v.

Norah Jones

HOST:

Singer and piano player Norah Jones won three Down Beat Magazine Student Music Awards when she was in high school. Two were for Best Jazz Vocalist. The other was for Best Origina^l0 Composition. Mary Tillitson tells us more about her.

ANNCR:

Norah Jones has been playing the piano since she was seven years old. She worked as a singer and piano player at a local coffeehouse when she was sixteen. She continued to perform at similar places. Norah Jones is twenty-three years old now. She is enjoying the success of her first album, called “Come Away with Me.” Listen as Norah Jones sings “Don’t Know Why.”

((CUT ONE – “DON’T KNOW WHY”))

Norah Jones says her mother was her greatest musical influence¹¹. Norah’s mother had a large record collection. It included songs by such great singers as Billie Holiday, Ray Charles, and Aretha Franklin. Norah listened to the songs again and again. She says she loves the music of the past. She learned this next song by listening to a recording by Nina Simone. Here is Norah Jones singing “Turn Me On.”

((CUT TWO – “TURN ME ON”))

Norah Jones’s music is a mix of pop, country, soul, and jazz. Music critics have praised her music. We leave you with another song from the album “Come Away with Me.” Norah Jones sings “Shoot the Moon.”

((CUT THREE – “SHOOT THE MOON”))

HOST:

This is Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today. And I hope you will join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC—VOA’s radio magazine in Special English.

This AMERICAN MOSAIC program was written by Lawan Davis and Nancy Steinbach. Our studio engineer was Curtis Bynum. And our producer was Paul Thompson.

1. anniversary [7Ani5vE:sEri]n.周年纪念

2. conditioner [kEn5diFEnE]n.调节者, 调节装置

3. Brooklyn [5bruklin]n.布鲁克林(美国纽约市西南部的一区)

4. wetness n.湿润, 下雨

5. Syracuse [5saiErEkju:z]锡拉库扎(意大利西西里岛东部一港市)

6. Capitol [5kApitEl]n.国会大厦, 州议会大厦, (古罗马的)主神殿(丘比特神殿)

7. instrument [5instrumEnt]n.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段

8. established [is5tAbliFt]adj.已制定的, 确定的

9. agency [5eidVEnsi]n.代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介

10. original [E5ridVEnEl]adj.最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的n.原物, 原作

11. influence [5influEns]n.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事), (电磁)感应vt.影响, 改变

我们今天的节目表是：

播放诺拉琼斯的歌曲，回答听众关于国会图书馆的问题，然后报告一项伟大发明的百年庆典。

在美国大部分地方今年夏天的天气特别炎热，所以很多美国人用空调在家里和公司降温。他们很高兴看到空调发明了100年。谢波奥尼尔还有更多的报道。

空调诞生于1902年7月17号。纽约布鲁克林的一家印刷工厂安装了第一台空调，用来减少空气中的热量和湿度–这会损伤印刷中使用的墨水和纸张。

一个名叫威利斯卡利尔的年轻工程师发明了这第一台空调。他和六个朋友在纽约锡拉库扎开创了自己的空调公司，这家公司一年大概能赚19，000，000美元，在超过170个国家开展业务。

卡利尔系统开始时是用来对空气降温清洁和干燥的，1925年公司在美国的一家影院安装了空调，1928年华盛顿的国会大厦也安装了空调，1930年白宫也装了空调。

直到二战空调在美国才开始流行起来。今天，百分之八十的美国人在家里都有空调，在美国百分之九十六的房屋都装了空调。

专家说空调不仅仅改变了气温，还改变了人们的生活和工作。人们的活动不再和天气紧密相关，人们可以在夏天烹饪去电影院或者去商场。空调还改善了食品、医疗供应和药品的制造。还使南方城市的生产成为可能。

卡利尔公司的高级职员说空调技术仍在改进，他们说未来空调将会根据房间内的人数甚至人们的衣着改变温度。

我们这周的VOA听众提问要解答XXX的关于华盛顿的国会图书馆的问题。

国会图书馆是美国国家图书馆，它拥有超过120，000，000件的书本和其他物件。它收藏了报纸，公共出版物和有历史意义的信件，它还收藏了地图，照片，美术印刷品，电影，声音记录和乐器。

国会图书馆周一到周五除了法定节假日向大众开放。任何人都可以进入并且阅读任何藏品，但是不允许将它们带到馆外。

国会图书馆建立于18世纪。刚开始它就是国会大厦中的一个房间，拥有11盒藏书，到了1840年增加到了大概3千本书。它们在与英国发生战争时随着国会大厦一起被焚毁。为了重建图书馆，国会购买了托马斯杰斐逊总统的藏书。杰斐逊的藏书包括7种语言的七千本书。

1897年图书馆从国会大厦搬到了街对面的大楼里。今天这三栋大楼保存了图书馆的所有收藏。

国会图书馆向美国国会提供书籍和材料。它还向其他美国图书馆，政府办事处和国外图书馆借出书籍。它的藏书有的是购买来的，有的是接受馈赠来的，它还从版权办事处获取材料。任何一个人想让出版物受到版权保护需要将两份拷贝送到图书馆。这意味着国会图书馆拥有美国几乎所有的出版物。

电脑用户可以从因特网上获取国会图书馆和它的收藏的更多信息。地址是www.ioc.gov，再说一遍，国会图书馆的网址是www.ioc.gov。

歌手和钢琴演奏家诺拉琼斯在高中时就赢得了Down Beat杂志三项学生音乐奖，两项是最佳爵士歌唱家，还有一个是最佳原创作曲家。玛丽体雷森将会告诉我们更多信息。

诺拉琼斯7岁时就开始弹奏钢琴。16岁时在她在一个当地咖啡屋做歌手和钢琴弹奏者。她继续在差不多的地方工作。诺拉琼斯现在23岁了。她沉浸在第一张专辑“Come Away with Me”成功的喜悦中。现在收听诺拉琼斯演唱的“不知道为什么”。

诺拉琼斯说她母亲对她的音乐很有影响。诺拉琼斯的母亲藏有很多音乐专辑，包括Billie Holiday、Ray Charles和Aretha Franklin。她说她喜欢过去的音乐。通过聆听Nina Simone的音乐她学到了这第二首歌。现在收听诺拉琼斯演唱的“打开我”。

诺拉琼斯的音乐混合了pop，乡村，灵魂和爵士。音乐评论家表扬了她的音乐。现在我们收听另一首来自“Come Away with Me”专辑的歌曲“Shoot the Moon”。

VOICE 1:

This is Doug Johnson.

VOICE 2:

And this is Phil Murray with THE MAKING OF A NATION, a VOA Special English program about the history of the United States.

(Theme)

Today we tell about America’s presidential election of nineteen-fifty-two. And we tell about the man who won that election, Dwight Eisenhower.

VOICE 1:

America’s presidential election campaign of nineteen-fifty-two probably opened on the day President Harry Truman said, “no.” He said he would not be a candidate for re-election.

In later years, Harry Truman would be called one of America’s better presidents. Near the end of nineteen-fifty-one, however, he had lost the support of many Americans.

The continuing war in Korea, and economic problems at home, had robbed him of much of his popularity. His Democratic Party needed a new candidate for president.

VOICE 2:

In the spring of nineteen-fifty-two, Mister Truman named the man he wanted the party to nominate¹. His choice was Adlai Stevenson, governor of Illinois.

Mister Stevenson, however, said he was not interested in any job except the one he had.

It appeared that he meant what he said. Someone asked what he would do if the Democratic Party chose him as its presidential candidate. Mister Stevenson answered, “I guess I would have to shoot myself.”

So, President Truman and other party leaders discussed different candidates. Each one, however, seemed to have some political weakness.

VOICE 1:

The Republican Party also was discussing possible candidates. It was much easier for the Republicans² to choose. Earlier, General Dwight Eisenhower had said he would campaign.

“Ike” Eisenhower was the hugely popular commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War Two. Many members of both parties wanted him as their candidate. General Eisenhower agreed to campaign³ as a Republican.

His closest competitor for the Republican nomination was Robert Taft, a senator⁴ from Ohio. He was the son of a former president, William Howard Taft.

VOICE 2:

Senator Taft sometimes was called “Mister Republican.” He had strong party support for his conservative⁵ policies. However, he did not receive enough votes at the party’s national convention to defeat Eisenhower for the nomination.

In his acceptance speech, Eisenhower told the convention delegates⁶ that they had called him to lead a great campaign. He described it as a campaign for freedom in America and for freedom in the world.

Eisenhower chose senator Richard Nixon of California as his vice presidential candidate. By that time, Mister Nixon was known throughout the United States for his strong opposition⁷ to communism. Earlier, as a member of the House of Representatives, he had led the investigation⁸ of a former State Department official, Alger Hiss. Hiss was accused of helping provide secret information to the soviet union. Hiss denied the accusation⁹. He was never officially charged with spying. But he was tried and found guilty of lying to a grand jury and was sentenced to prison.

VOICE 1:

The Democratic Party held its national convention ten days after the Republicans. Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson welcomed the delegates. The words of his speech made it seem that he did not want to be a candidate for president. This made the delegates want him even more.

They voted two times. No one received enough votes to win the nomination. On the third vote, Governor Stevenson did. And he accepted. In his acceptance speech, he urged Democrats to campaign with honor.

VOICE 2:

After the conventions, a political expert wrote about the differences between Adlai Stevenson and Dwight Eisenhower. The expert said Stevenson was a man of thought, and Eisenhower was a man of action.

The Republican Party quickly employed an advertising company to help its candidates¹⁰. Advertising companies mostly designed campaigns to sell products. In the presidential election of nineteen-fifty-two, the company designed a campaign to “sell” Mister Eisenhower and Mister Nixon to the American public.

VOICE 1:

Eisenhower did not always agree with the company’s advice. One time, he became very angry. He said, “All they talk about is my honesty¹¹. Nobody ever says I have a brain in my head!”

There was no question that the Democratic candidate, Adlai Stevenson, had a brain. He was known as an intellectual or “egghead¹²“. When he launched his campaign, he dismissed some traditional political advisers and replaced them with eggheads.

VOICE 2:

Communism was the biggest issue in the campaign. Governor Stevenson said America needed to guard against it. Yet he repeatedly criticized the actions of senator¹³ Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin¹⁴. For years, the senator had been denouncing government officials and others as communists.

Eisenhower did not criticize McCarthy, even when the senator accused Eisenhower’s good friend, general George Marshall, of being a traitor¹⁵.

VOICE 1:

The Republican campaign went smoothly until someone discovered that Richard Nixon had received money for extra campaign costs. Some newspapers said Nixon should withdraw¹⁶. That led to his famous “Checkers” speech.

Nixon made the speech on national television. In it, he defended his decision to keep a special gift from a political supporter. That gift was a dog, named Checkers. He said he kept the dog because his two little girls loved it.

The speech was a success. Thousands of voters told the Republican Party that Nixon should remain as the vice presidential candidate.

VOICE 2:

A few weeks before the election, Eisenhower made a powerful speech. He talked about ending the war in Korea.

TAPE: “Now, where will a new administration begin. It will begin with its president taking a firm, simple resolution. That resolution¹⁷ will be to forego¹⁸ the diversions¹⁹ of politics and to concentrate on the job of ending the Korean war, until that job is honorably done. That job requires a personal trip to Korea. Only in that way could I learn how best to serve the American people in the cause of peace. I shall go to Korea. ”

VOICE 1:

Adlai Stevenson ended his campaign with a powerful speech, too. In it, he told of his vision of America.

VOICE 3:

“I see an America where no man fears to think as he pleases, or say what he thinks …

I see an America where no man is another’s master²⁰ — where no man’s mind is dark with fear.

I see an America at peace with the world.

I see an America as the horizon of human hopes.”

VOICE 2:

The people voted in November. Eisenhower won almost thirty-four million votes. That was more votes than a presidential candidate had ever received. Stevenson won about twenty-seven million votes.

VOICE 1:

Dwight Eisenhower was sworn in as America’s thirty-fourth president in January nineteen-fifty-three. He was sixty-two years old. Many problems awaited²¹ him.

Republicans had only a small majority in Congress. Many Republican lawmakers were very conservative. They probably would not vote for the new president’s programs. The cost of living in America was rising. Senator Joseph McCarthy was still hunting communists. And the war in Korea was not yet over.

President Eisenhower did not seem troubled by these problems. After all, he had been called on many times to help his country.

VOICE 2:

Eisenhower came from a large family in Abilene, Kansas²². His family did not have much money. He received a free university education when he went to the United States military²³ academy at west point, New York.

He remained in military service for many years. By the time the United States entered World War Two in nineteen-forty-one, he had become a top officer. In nineteen-forty-four, he led the allied invasion²⁴ of Europe.

In nineteen-fifty, president Harry Truman named him supreme commander of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

VOICE 1:

When Dwight Eisenhower ran for president, people shouted, “I like Ike!” voters liked him because he always seemed calm, even in difficult situations. As the country’s president, he would face a number of difficult situations. One of the first was the continuing war in Korea.

That will be our story next week.

(Theme)

VOICE 2:

This program of THE MAKING OF A NATION was written by Jeri Watson and produced by Paul Thompson. This is Phil Murray.

VOICE 1:

And this is Doug Johnson. Join us again next week for another VOA Special English program about the history of the United States.

1. nominate [5nCmineit]vt.提名, 推荐, 任命, 命名

2. republican [ri5pQblikEn]adj.共和国的, 共和政体的, 共和主义的, 有关共和的n.共和党人

3. campaign [kAm5pein]n.[军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动vi.参加活动, 从事活动, 作战

4. senator [5senEtE]n.参议员, (大学的)评议员, (古罗马的)元老院议员

5. conservative [kEn5sE:vEtiv]adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派

6. delegate [5deli^it]n.代表vt.委派…为代表

7. opposition [CpE5ziFEn]n.反对, 敌对, 相反, 反对派, [天]冲, [逻]对当法

8. investigation [in7vesti5^eiFEn]n.调查, 研究

9. accusation [Akju(:)5zeiFEn]n.谴责, [律]指控

10. candidate [5kAndidit]n.候选人, 投考者

11. honesty [5Cnisti]n.诚实, 正直

12. egghead [5e^hed]n.有知识者, 受过高等教育的人, 理论家

13. senator [5senEtE]n.参议员, (大学的)评议员, (古罗马的)元老院议员

14. Wisconsin [wis5kCnsin]n.威斯康星州(美国州名), 威斯康星河(密西西比河支流)

15. traitor [5treitE]n.叛逆者, 叛国者

16. withdraw [wiT5drC:]vt.收回, 撤消vi.缩回, 退出v.撤退

17. resolution [7rezE5lju:FEn]n.坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议

18. forego [fC:5^Eu]vt.(在位置时间或程度方面)走在…之前, 居先

19. diversion [dai5vE:FEn]n.转移, 转换, 牵制, 解闷, 娱乐

20. master [5mB:stE]n.主人, 雇主, (男)教师, 熟练技工, 师傅, 大师, 硕士, <称呼>少爷adj.主人的, 熟练的, 高明的, 主要的vt.征服, 控制, 精通

21. await [E5weit]vt.等候

22. Kansas [5kAnzEs]n.堪萨斯州

23. military [5militEri]adj.军事的, 军用的

24. invasion [in5veiVEn]n.入侵

今天我们谈谈1952年美国总统竞选，还要谈谈赢得大选的那个人，艾森豪威尔。

在杜鲁门总统对美国总统竞选说不的时候，1952年美国总统竞选可能就已经开始了。杜鲁门说他不会参加连任竞选。在随后的岁月里，杜鲁门可以算是美国比较不错的总统之一，但是在1951年底，他失去了很多美国人的支持。持续的朝鲜战争，以及国内的经济问题，使他失去了大众的欢迎。民主党需要一个新的总统竞选人。

在1952年春天，杜鲁门向党内提名了他的候选人。他选择了伊利诺斯州州长阿德莱史蒂文森。但是史蒂文森说除了现在的位子他对其他的位子不感兴趣。看起来的确如此。有人问他如果民主党选他做总统候选人他会怎么办，史蒂文生回答说，“我猜我会用枪自杀。”所以，杜鲁门总统和其他的党派领导人讨论了其他的候选人，但是，每个人看起来都有些政治弱点。

共和党也在讨论合适的候选人，不过共和党就比较容易做出选择了。早些时候，德怀特艾森豪威尔将军就说他将参加竞选。“艾克”艾森豪威尔是二战时候欧洲盟军中最受欢迎的指挥官。两个党派的很多党员都想让他作为自己的候选人。艾森豪威尔将军同意作为共和党人参加竞选。他实力最接近的共和党提名竞争对手是俄亥俄州的参议员罗伯特塔夫特，他是前总统威廉霍华德塔夫特。

塔夫特参议员有时候被叫做“共和党先生”，他因为保守的政策得到党内强烈的支持。但是在全国党员大会上他没有得到足够的选票击败艾森豪威尔获得提名。在获得提名演讲中，艾森豪威尔告诉会议代表他们召唤他来领导一场伟大的战役。他称这是一场为美洲的自由和世界的自由发起的战役。艾森豪威尔选了加州参议员理查德尼克松作为他的副总统候选人。那时，尼克松因为他对共产主义的强烈反对而闻名全国。作为众议院的医院，他领导了对前国务院关于阿尔杰希斯的调查。希斯被指控帮助向苏联提供秘密情报，但是他拒绝这项指控。他没有被官方指控为间谍，但是他被审判，因为向大陪审团撒谎被定罪并被送到监狱。

民主党在10天后召开了全国大会。伊利诺斯州州长阿德莱史蒂文森欢迎了代表们。他的演讲似乎表明他不想做总统候选人，但是这让代表们对他更加期待。他们投票了两次，没有人获取足够的选票赢得提名。在第三次投票中，史蒂文森州长赢得提名，并且他接受了。在他的接受提名演讲中，他强调民主党将为荣誉而战。

会后，一个政治专家写到史蒂文森和艾森豪威尔的不同，专家说史蒂文森是思考的人，艾森豪威尔是行动的人。共和党立即雇佣了一个广告公司帮助自己的候选人。广告公司一般是设计销售商品的活动，在1952年总统竞选中，这家公司设计了将艾森豪威尔和尼克松销售给美国公众的活动。

艾森豪威尔不是都同意广告公司的意见，一次，他非常生气，他说，”他们总是谈论我的荣誉，没有人说过我还有脑袋！“毫无疑问民主党候选人史蒂文森是有脑袋的。他因为是个知识分子或者理论家而著称。当他展开竞选时，他解雇了一些传统政治顾问用一些理论家来代替他们。

共产主义是竞选中的重要议题。史蒂文森州长说美国需要预防共产主义。他还反复批评了威斯康斯州参议员麦卡锡的行动。多年来这位参议员指责政府官员和其他人是共产党员。艾森豪威尔没有批评麦卡锡，甚至当这名参议员指控艾森豪威尔最好的朋友马歇尔将军叛国者的时候

共和党的竞选波澜不惊直到有人发现尼克松接受了多余的竞选花费的钱。一些报纸说尼克松应该退出，这导致了他著名的”方格“演讲。尼克松在国家电视台做了演讲。在演讲中，他为自己的决定辩护，他接受了一个政治支持者的一件特别的礼物。这件礼物是一只叫方格的小狗。他说因为他两个小女儿喜欢所以接受了这只狗。这个演讲很成功，很多投票者指出共和党尼克松应该继续作为副总统候选人。

投票之前的几周，艾森豪威尔做了一个很有效果的演讲，他说他要结束韩战。

”现在，一个新的政府将要开始运作。首先总统要采用一个坚实的简单的解决方法，这个解决方法要超越政治歧路和关注于结束韩战的工作，直到这项工作体面的结束。这项工作需要亲自去一次韩国，只有这样我才能知道怎样才能更好的为美国人民的和平事业服务。我要去朝鲜。“

史蒂文森也用一个很震撼的演讲结束竞选。在演讲中，他谈到他对美国的展望。

”我看到在美国没有人会害怕按照自己的喜好思想或者说出自己的想法…

我看到在美国没有人是其他人的主人–没有人的想法充满黑暗的恐惧，

我看到美国和世界一起和平，

我看到美国是人类希望的起点。“

人民在11月份选举，艾森豪威尔获得大约43，000，000张选票，这是当时总统候选人获得的最高选票。史蒂文森获得了大约27，000，000张选票。

艾森豪威尔在1953年宣誓就任美国低34届总统。他当时62岁，很多问题等着他。共和党在国会只获得微弱多数。很多共和党立法者非常保守。他们一般很少投票给新的总统法案。美国的生活成本继续增加。麦卡锡仍然在追捕共产党员，并且韩战没有结束。艾森豪威尔总统看起来似乎并没有被这些问题困扰，毕竟，他已经多次被召唤来为他的国家服务。

艾森豪威尔 来自堪萨斯州艾比利尼的一个大家庭，他的家庭并没有多少钱，他在纽约的美国西点军事学院接受了免费的大学教育。他在军队中呆了很多年。在1941年美国参加二战的时候，他成为最高指挥官。在1944年他领导了在欧洲的联合进攻。在1940年杜鲁门任命他为北约最高指挥官。

当艾森豪威尔竞选总统时，人们欢呼”我爱艾克“。投票者喜欢他因为他哪怕在困境中总是看起来很平静。作为国家总统，他将面对一大推困难。其中第一个就是韩战。

你站在桥上看风景，

看风景的人在楼上看你。

明月装饰了你的窗子，

你装饰了别人的梦。

Fragment(Bian Zhilin)

When you watch the scenery from the bridge,

The sightseer watches you from the balcony.

The bright moon adorns your window,

While you adorn another’s dream.

S. Korea holds live-fire drill

韩军演令半岛局势紧张

On Monday, South Korea began a live-firing drill from a western border island despite Pyongyang’s repeated vows of counterattack, Xinhua reported. The drill started at 14:30 local time and last for about one hour. The drill has further heightened tension on the Korean Peninsula following an artillery shell exchange on Nov 23 on the South Korean border island of Yeonpyeong. The UN Security Council Sunday failed to reach a consensus on the crisis of the Korean Peninsula after 8 hours of closed-door consultations, due to major disagreements between the council members.

据新华社报道，韩国不顾朝鲜的一再警告，20日在延坪岛附近海域执意举行了实弹军演。演习于当地时间下午2时30分开始，持续了近一个小时。上月23日延坪岛炮击事件后，半岛紧张局势升级，此次韩方军演无疑是在给业已紧张的局势火上浇油。据悉，联合国安理会19日曾就朝鲜半岛局势进行了8个小时的紧急闭门磋商，但由于成员国之间存在分歧，未能就朝鲜半岛局势达成一致意见。

#中方态度

At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, China expressed deep anxiety over the current situation on the Korean Peninsula and called on the parties concerned to exercise maximum restraint and return to the negotiating table at an early date. China’s deputy permanent representative to the United Nations, Wang Min, said if blood was shed on the Korean Peninsula, the peoples on the two sides of the Peninsula would be the first to suffer.

中国常驻联合国副代表王民在19日的安理会紧急会议上说，当前朝鲜半岛局势千钧一发，中方对此深表关切和忧虑。中方敦促有关各方保持最大克制，尽快回到对话协商的正确轨道上来。如果朝鲜半岛发生流血冲突，首先遭殃的是半岛双方人民。

【Top News】

>85% deaths caused by chronic

我国85%死因将系慢性病

Chronic diseases, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity will account for an estimated 85% of all deaths in the Chinese mainland by 2020, according to Wang Longde, president of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, chinanews.com reported. Wang also claimed that now nearly 70% of all Chinese people show no scientific knowledge on health, and over 95% know little about chronic disease prevention.

据中新网报道，中华预防医学会会长王陇德教授预测，到2020年中国内地将有85%的死亡归因于慢性病，包括高血压、糖尿病、超重肥胖等。他还称，目前中国居民近7成没有科学的健康观，逾95%不了解慢性病预防。

>Degrees abroad bring less pay

半数海归月薪不到5000

Though more and more Chinese students are studying abroad these days, the advantage of an overseas degree when applying for jobs back home is fading away, the China Business News reported Monday. Only 35% of companies will consider admitting people with overseas degrees if their conditions are the same as others, showed a survey by zhaopin.com. Nearly half of all people with overseas degrees get a monthly salary of less than RMB5,000 and 30% earn RMB3,000-5,000. Experts say the advantage of their overseas experience will only appear in 3-5 years after they take the first job.

据《第一财经日报》20日报道，随着我国海外留学人员的不断增长，海归在国内就业时已不再具有明显优势。一项智联招聘的调查发现，同等条件下，只有35%的企业会优先考虑海归。在收入方面，近5成海归的月薪在5000元以内，其中月收入在3000-5000元之间的达到近3成。专家认为，海归的优势将在就业后的3至5年内得到显现。

>Phone designed for kids 儿童手机:上课自动锁定 A cell phone designed just for kids, which can automatically lock up during class time and pinpoint the child’s position, is now on sale in Shenzhen, the Southern Metropolis Daily reported Monday. Using the phone, parents can set up boundaries for where their children can go. If the phone leaves the designated area, a text message alert will be sent to the parent’s phone. Also, parents can track the exact location of their children by sending a short message. Phone time and game time during class break can also be programmed.

据《南方都市报》20日报道，一款儿童手机近日在深圳市场亮相，该手机可在上课时间自动锁定，并首次实现了准确定位。家长可设定一个范围半径，孩子若走出这个距离，家长手机会立刻收到提示信息。家长只需发一条短信，就可收到孩子的具体位置信息。家长还可设置手机，只允许孩子在课间10分钟打电话、玩游戏。

>Smokers, fat patients refused

英吸烟超重者无缘手术

Smokers and overweight patients in need of major operations could be thrown off hospital waiting lists under “desperate” cost-cutting plans drawn up by the NHS, the Daily Telegraph of London reported. Under the plans, any smoker referred for “non-urgent” operations – such as hip replacements or cataract surgery – will not be allowed to join the queue until they have either given up smoking, or completed a 12-week course to help them ditch the habit. Those who are seriously overweight will also be denied a range of operations until they have completed a 3-month NHS diet program.

据英国《每日电讯报》报道，英国国家医疗服务系统为了节约开支而制定了一项新规定：吸烟者和超重人群或将被排除在医院手术候诊队伍之外。按照这项计划，任何吸烟者如果需要接受”非紧急”治疗，比如髋关节置换或白内障手术等，都必须彻底戒烟或者完成医院提供的为期12周的戒烟课程，否则没有资格排队候诊。那些严重超重的肥胖患者也同样被一系列医疗项目拒之门外，除非他们同意完成3个月的节食课程。

【In Brief】

>Starting this Monday, Beijing Benz Automotive Co Ltd is recalling 9,622 Chrysler Sebring cars made between August 13, 2007 and May 27, 2009, China National Radio website reported.

据中广网报道，北京奔驰汽车有限公司从20日起，将召回2007年8月13日至2009年5月27日期间生产的克莱斯勒品牌铂锐轿车，数量为9622台。

>A massive oil pipeline explosion caused widespread destruction in San Martin Texmelucan in central Mexican Sunday, leaving at least 28 people killed and 52 injured, AP reported.

据美联社报道，墨西哥中部普埃布拉州19日发生输油管道爆炸事件，造成至少28人死亡，52人受伤。

>Wikileaks founder Julian Assange told CNBC that Bank of America may be the next target of a cache of Wikileaks documents. The documents would reveal unethical behavior at the bank that would likely prompt official investigations and reforms, Assange said.

维基解密网创始人朱利安·阿桑奇接受美国CNBC电视台采访时说，该网站接下来将披露有关银行不道德营业手段的机密，而美国银行相信会是下一个主要目标。阿桑奇说披露银行机密将”促使有关方面进行调查和改革”。

【Quotable Quote】

姚明脚踝应力性骨折，何日回归火箭无法确定。外界对姚明职业生涯的前景一致看衰，但姚明本人却没有放弃应有的乐观。在接受ESPN专家里奇-布彻的专访时，姚明风趣地回应： I haven’t died. Right now I’m drinking a beer and eating fried chicken. What were you expecting, a funeral? 我还没有死，我现在正喝啤酒吃炸鸡呢。你期待会出现什么？一场葬礼么？

【Newsmakers】

>Miriam&Real: tie the knot 35岁杨千嬅今日终大婚 Hong Kong star Miriam Yeung, 35, and Real Ting held a million-dollar wedding ceremony Monday at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in Hong Kong, local media reported. Guests invited to the wedding include Eric Tsang, Ma Wai Ho, Shawn Yue and Daniel Wu. Real Ting, once a member of the singer group VRF, started his new career in the public relations field after the group disbanded and became a project director of IPS, a Hong Kong public company, within just a few years. His father runs a leather business in Shanghai estimated to be worth RMB200m. The couple got married in last August in Las Vegas, the US and have decided to hold the wedding this year.

据当地媒体报道，35岁的杨千嬅与丁子高今日于香港君悦酒店举行上百万元的盛大婚礼，出席宾客包括曾志伟、马伟豪、余文乐及吴彦祖等。丁子高原为歌唱组合VRF中的一员，该组合解散后，丁子高退出歌坛向公关方面发展，短短几年成为香港IPS公共公司的项目总监，其父在上海经营皮具生意，身家约有两亿。杨、丁二人去年8月已在美国拉斯维加斯登记结婚，而婚礼则定在今年举行。

>Beckham honored by BBC

贝克汉姆获终身成就奖

David Beckham was given the Lifetime Achievement award at the BBC’s Sports Personality of the Year ceremony Sunday night. Beckham, 35, thanked the players and coaches who helped him through his career – and then added: “And of course, I want to thank my wife and my children. My wife Victoria has given me 3 amazing children and her support is truly inspirational.” In the audience, teary Victoria wiped her eyes as she watched her husband accept the prize along with her sons.

球星大卫·贝克汉姆于当地时间19日晚在BBC年度体坛风云人物颁奖典礼上被授予终身成就奖。现年35岁的贝克汉姆在领奖时难掩激动之情，向曾经共事的队友、教练表示感谢，并补充道，”当然，我还要感谢我的妻子和孩子。维多利亚为我生了3个出色的儿子，她对我的支持一直在鼓舞着我。”带着3个儿子一同出席颁奖典礼的维多利亚当场感动落泪。

*小贝简历

Beckham made his English debut in September 1996 against Moldova and has gone on to win 115 caps – captaining England 59 times. He spent a decade at Manchester United, winning 6 Premier League titles with the club before moving to Real Madrid in 2003. In 2001 Beckham was named the BBC Sports Personality of the Year. He currently plays professional football for American team the Los Angeles Galaxies.

贝克汉姆1996年9月首次代表英格兰参赛对阵摩尔多瓦，总计出场115次，59次作为队长。他在曼联效力10年之久，为球队赢得了6个英超联赛冠军。2001年当选为BBC年度体坛风云人物，2003年转入皇家马德里，目前为美国洛杉矶银河效力。

【Kaleidoscope】

>Real life Tom and Jerry

英上演现实版’猫和老鼠’

It looked like a scene straight out of “Tom and Jerry” when a hapless cat got stuck half way up a Christmas tree after chasing a mouse, the Daily Mail of London reported Sunday. The 14-month-old feline, called Bumble, had leapt into the branches after his prey. But, just like his cartoon counterpart, the mouse proved far too quick and agile for his pursuer. And as he struggled to disentangle himself from the lights and tinsel, the mouse smugly looked down on him from a safe spot. The incredible spectacle was captured by Bumble’s owners Carolyne and Stan Brading at their home in Whitwell, UK.

据英国《每日邮报》19日报道，动画片《猫和老鼠》上演了现实版：一只倒霉的笨猫在追逐一只老鼠时，不幸被卡在了圣诞树上。这只猫名叫邦波，14个月大，追逐着猎物跳上了圣诞树。与动画片中一样，老鼠远比笨猫敏捷得多。在邦波忙乱地想从彩灯和装饰物中解脱时，老鼠占据着安全的至高点，得意向下俯瞰。这有趣的一幕由邦波的主人卡罗琳娜和布雷丁在英国威特威尔的家中拍下。

【惊人2010】

>Highest paid athletes in 2010

2010赚钱最多的运动员

Who were the highest paid athletes in 2010? Men’s Weekly looked at salaries, side businesses and endorsements to find out. The year’s top paid athlete was US golfer Tiger Woods, who earned an estimated $110m. Basketball player Kobe Bryant of the NBA’s Los Angeles Lakers ranked 2nd with $45m in earnings. LA Galaxy soccer player David Beckham was No 3, earning $42m this year. Basketball player LeBron James of the NBA’s Cleveland Cavaliers (former) was No 4, with $40m.

谁是2010年赚钱最多的运动员呢？通过调查运动员工资、副业以及广告代言等隐性收入后，《男子周刊》给出了答案。美国高尔夫球员”老虎”伍兹以1.1亿美元收入位居榜首。NBA洛杉矶湖人队球员科比以4500万美元位列第2，效力于洛杉矶银河的贝克汉姆以4200万美元位列第3，曾在克里夫兰骑士队效力的球员勒布朗·詹姆斯以4000万美元收入居第4位。

【Word Power】

网络水军

online ‘water army’

例句：

Several chat groups on QQ have even become mini-trading centers where PR firms regularly advertise for paid posters, otherwise known as shuijun, the “water army.”

一些QQ聊天群甚至成为了小型的交易中心，公关公司定期在这儿发帖，招募”水军”。

招标采购

seek procurement tenders

例句：

Provincial-level platforms for the centralized procurement of essential drugs would be established to seek procurement tenders from producers.

我国将以省为单位建立基本药物集中采购平台，向生产商进行招标采购。